Why are our brains so big an Example by

Why are our brains so big? Introduction It is true that humans have a darn big brain in relation to the body weight. The human brain is larger than any other primate which walked this planet. In comparison to the earliest human relatives, we have twice the brain size. Most of the neuroscientists such as Stephen Cunnane have implied that the diet of humans is primarily responsible for the size of brain. Since the evolutionary days of human beings, they have consumed food that was rich in iron, iodine and other minerals that help develop brain. This caused the process of brain expansion of human beings to be initiated. There are more pros of a larger brain size than the cons. Need essay sample on "Why are our brains so big?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Advantages of Large Human Brain Being the most complex organ of the body, the large human brain does not only provide us with a balance while walking, swimming, driving and running, but also plays other roles. The primary role of the human brain is to house the neurons their communication in the neural network. As many as 15 million neurons interact with each other and exchange information in the form of electrical signals (The Franklin Institute Online). Other scientists have also argued that larger brain size allows better control of the body, limbs and makes the senses work better. Larger brain size has also allows the humans to make the decision between right and wrong. Other animals with smaller brain sizes depend upon instincts to make their decisions, whereas, the human brain conducts a cost-benefit analysis of the situation and then decides how to react. The other big advantage of large brain size is the gift of consciousness. Although the word consciousness has many different meanings and there are many controversies about consciousness, but science has proved that only living beings possess the attribute of consciousness. And the bigger the brain size is, the larger the neural network is and hence the consciousness is also highly developed. Another proposed advantage of a brain larger in size is that the species with larger brain sizes can live longer lives and can reproduce more number of times. The human brain size is large and hence the brain allows humans to live longer lives and produce more number of times (E Science News). Disadvantages of a Bigger Brain A large brain size involves the cost of higher energy consumption which in turn increases the level of metabolism in the human body. Higher energy requirements also involve greater requirement of food intakes because of which the humans have to eat frequently throughout the day to keep energetic. When a human child is born, the body consists of 14% fat. A human child is the healthiest amongst all the primates newborns. According to a theory, the fat of the body is used in the development of the brain. The disadvantage here is that the development and training of the brain in human child takes a lot of time. Another obvious disadvantage of a large sized brain is that it is not easy to protect it from damage as egg-headedness makes our brain delicate and susceptible to injuries. It is difficult to avoid injuries as the size is bigger and the probability of hitting it to another object is also higher. Conclusion Brain is the most important part of the human body and is the only organ that makes us unique and distinct from other animals and primates. The large brain size is responsible for our long lives and our consciousness but it is more difficult to protect the brain from damage as the chances of hitting external objects is higher. Works Cited E Science News. The protective brain hypothesis is confirmed. The Franklin Institute Online. The Human Brain.

How the Forest and Court Are Shown in As You Like It

How the Forest and Court Are Shown in As You Like It As You Like It is set in a forest, but it is difficult to be clear about the As You Like It setting. Some argue that it is the Forest of Arden that once surrounded Shakespeare’s hometown of Stratford-upon-Avon; others believe that the As You Like It setting is in Ardennes, France. Forest vs. Court The forest is presented in a more favorable light in that the â€Å"goodies†, Duke Senior and his court, reside there. All of the good characters in the court are banished or exiled to the forest at the start of the play. Duke Senior describes the court as â€Å"painted pomp†¦the envious court†. He goes on to say that in the forest the dangers are real but natural and are preferable to those in the court â€Å"The †¦churlish chiding of the winter’s wind†¦ even till I shrink with cold, I smile and say This is no flattery† (Act 2, Scene 1). He suggests the harsh conditions of the forest are preferable to the pomp and false flattery in the court: That at least in the forest, things are honest. This could be compared to the courtly love between Orlando and Rosalind and the bawdy, primitive but honest love between Touchstone and Audrey. There are also reflections of Robin Hood and his merry men in the lives of Duke Senior and his supporters: â€Å"†¦there they live like the old Robin Hood of England† (Charles; Act 1, Scene 1). This reinforces the positive depiction of the forest as opposed to the negative portrayal of the court. When the evil characters enter the forest they have a sudden change of heart as discussed – suggesting the forest has healing properties. There is, therefore, a sense of foreboding at the end of the play when the characters are to be restored to the court†¦we hope that they will bring some of the natural qualities of forest life with them when they return. In this, Shakespeare may be suggesting that there needs to be a balance between forest and court; living with nature and using your senses should be balanced with living in an ordered, political world where education and social politeness is necessary. If one is too close to nature they may turn out like Touchstone and Audrey but if they are too political, they may become more like Duke Frederick. Duke Senior has struck a happy balance – being educated and gentlemanly having the ability to manage people but also appreciating nature and its offerings. Class and Social Structures The struggle between forest and court also sheds light on the class struggle at the core of the play. Celia disguises her nobility to become a poor woman,  Aliena, in the forest. She does this in order to protect herself, presumably from those who would try and steal from her. This gives her freedom she has never enjoyed. Oliver falls for her dressed as Aliena and we know as a result, that his motives are honorable – he is not after her money. This is important in that previously, Oliver’s motives have been questionable. Touchstone and Audrey are seen as more lowly characters but as discussed, are possibly perceived as more honest as a result, they are unable to social climb and therefore don’t need to flatter and lie their way to the top. Duke Senior is happier in the forest without the trappings of his dukedom. Shakespeare may be suggesting that just because you are considered to be ‘high class’ it is not necessarily reflected in your nature – or that in order to social climb one needs to lie and flatter and therefore people at the top of society are the worst kind of people. However, at the end of the play when the Duke is restored to the court we are led to believe that the court will be a better place, perhaps because he has witnessed firsthand what it is like to be poor. He is compared to Robin Hood and as such is considered ‘of the people.’

Mobile phone technology Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Mobile phone technology - Case Study Example (Language, Learning & Technology, 2002, 6) Furthermore, according to Kodama (2005, 22) 'technological innovation and changes in market structures are extremely swift in high-tech fields such as IT, multimedia, and biotechnology; the question of what sort of strategies or organization corporations should adopt in this rapidly changing environment is a major topic of research and practical study. In particular, for various large, leading-edge businesses like ICT (Information and Communication Technology), recent years have brought increasingly intense pressure to leverage the strategic community (SC) through partnership-based inter-organizational collaboration for the purpose of developing strategic enterprises, expanding the market shares of their products and services, and creating new businesses'. It should be noticed here that the new 3G technology is 'just the latest in a series of developments since the first generation of phones became available in the 1980s, but it is certainly one of the most hyped; With more bandwidth than earlier services, 3G can handle more information, faster, and is thus able to offer its users a richer experience through a plethora of new gadgets and features; Instead of just text-messaging and voice calls, 3G makes it possible to take and receive live video, to watch recorded video and live TV images, and to access the internet, all without wires' (Sheridan, 2003, 28). It is estimated that there are 'about 60 3G networks in 25 countries around the world. In Asia, Europe and the USA, telecommunication companies use WCDMA technology with the support of around 100 terminal designs to operate 3G mobile networks' [5] II. Vodafone - Company Overview Vodafone is the 'largest mobile telecommunications network company in the world, with equity interests in 27 countries and Partner Networks in a further 33 countries. At 30 June 2006, Vodafone had approximately 186.8 million proportionate customers worldwide'[1] Although the company has achieved a high performance the previous years, the amount of money spent in the research sector is really impressive showing that the continuous development and the customer satisfaction are among the priorities of the company. In recent years, one of the most significant developments of the firm has been the introduction and the application of the 3G technology which is based on the use of advanced electronic systems in order to offer very high speeds on the transfer of voice, text and image. III. 3G technology - Description and advantages IIIa. 3G technology and the mobile industry 3G (or 3-G) is 'short for third-generation technology. It is usually used in the context of cell phones; The services associated with 3G provide the ability to transfer both voice data (a telephone call) and non-voice data (such as downloading information, exchanging email, and instant messaging); The first country which introduced 3G on a large commercial scale was Japan. In 2005

Is the U.S. Winning the Drug War in Latin America Essay

Is the U.S. Winning the Drug War in Latin America - Essay Example CON: U.S is losing the drug war in Latin America 1. U.S government has failed to re-evaluate her strategy to fight the drug menace. 2. The war fight largely focuses on the users and therefore leaves the other partners in the trade to thrive well in the trade. 3. There is no concrete drug enforcement mechanism to restrict the production of drugs. 4. The affordability and cheap processing makes it difficulty to wipe drugs out of Latin America. 5. A lot of resistance from human rights organization derails the efforts to do away with the drugs. The U.S will to control drug trafficking and abuse in Latin America confirms that it is very committed to wipe the drugs from these region. To begin with, since 1960s, the government has invested a lot of her efforts and attention to wage war on drug trade in Latin America. Regan and Bush declared war on drugs in U.S and Latin America when they occupied their presidential offices. The Bush successor; Bin Clinton continued with the worth fight on d rugs when he came into power in 19931. Since then, the U.S government has been strong on the war on drugs in Latin America. The U.S government recently got a support from Latin countries such as Mexico, Cuba, and Columbia. For instance, president of Mexico, Calderon has been in the forefront to combat drugs in the country2. Since he took office in 2006, he has made leaps towards the drugs war. For example, his government has formulated policies to deal with the consumers and traders of illicit drugs. These efforts have paid handsomely because the consumption of drugs has subsided. Obama’s government is in talks with Latin America Governments. Biden’s trip in 2012 to Latin America shows that the government has given negotiations a favorable chance. Biden was seeking to discuss on how leaders in that region can decriminalize drugs with an aim to stop its trade. Second, the new laws are in formulation stages. Policy analyst have advocated for a change in the current polic ies to allow U.S to win war on drugs. Arguably, their insights will provide new strategies to curb drugs trafficking in Latin America and U.S. The medical professionals have suggested programs to treat the drug victims. In addition, the social advocates suggests, that creation of awareness about dangers of engaging in drugs is the way to go. All these concerted efforts promise a win in the war on drugs in Latin America3. Third, the debates on drugs have attracted a lot of public interest. The Latin and the U.S population feel that drug consumption is not socially acceptable. They propose tough punishments for the growers, manufacturers, suppliers, and sellers. The public warns of the dangers of permitting drugs to get into the society. They provide a procedure, which can deter the abuse of drugs. The public suggests that, through identification, imprisonment, and persecution, the war can yield fruits4. Moreover, the drug user will be accountable for their actions. Implementation is now happening in the Latin America. This is a huge step towards gaining victory in the drug war. The increase of funds through budgetary allocation to fight drug abuse demonstrates U.S readiness to see the better end of the war. There has been a significant attention on the budget to allocate enough money in the drug war. In 1990, U.S budget on drugs was at $ 9.7 billion. This almost doubled in 2000 when it hit $ 17.7 billion mark. On top of this, the Drug Enforcement Administration department staffed

The California Education in budget cut Essay Example for Free

The California Education in budget cut Essay Save our children, save our education: The California Education in budget cut Considering that the majority of the population of California is dominated by those who can only afford public school education, it is almost going to be useless for parents to send their children to school. They might think about what they would gain from being at the school. Instead they would just allow their children to work, which is the gravest type of exploitation that a child could experience, being just young. There has been school demonstrations in several districts of California participated in by the teachers, parents and school administrators shouting in anger against the governor. Cutting of the educational budget is fast approaching and realization of this upon enforcement in 2008-2009 shall be the peak at which the protesters and the â€Å"accused† should be a lot more prepared . The proposed budget cut rooted from the governor’s 10% across-the-board cuts to provide venue for state social programs. $4. 8 billion is to be deprived from the secondary education, whereas $1. 3 billion from the higher education will be harvested by him. This will save the governor from the deficit when he declared fiscal emergency to account for the state project shortage of funds, which was actually $16 billion turning $14. 5 dollars (Conway Martinez, 2008). Education is the most important possession parents can leave to their children as a gift. From childhood, every parent is excited on the first day of school that they buy their children’s uniform and prepare for the very first experience of their children to formally hold their pencils and receive their marks, whether excellent or not, they still accept it. What matters is they get the right education and it only depends upon how their children are going to take advantage of the opportunity. The preschool level is just a foretaste, when their children are already at the higher level, which I more crucial, and expensive, that is the time they need to support their children more. They will have to work really hard. Sometimes, when they want their children to get the best education, they send them to an exclusive school because they are confident enough of the training teachers get to be qualified in that school. Preschool and lower school levels are somewhat less in effect, what is usually more important is the college level, wherein students are really shaped as professionals. At some point, whatever type of character the youth will have will basically be under the custody of the biological parents, and of course the secondary ones, the teachers. Academically speaking, this qualifies the children from entering the real world, the better the education gets, the easier it is to go beyond interviews and usually the companies look at the aspect of educational foundation that will serve the professional goals of their company. For Californians, especially the business executives of the top companies, education is ranked as the most important component of their companies in public policy concerns. But then, according to their professional assessment, this can only be achieved when subsequent reforms are done in the educational system. The more competitive is the curriculum in a school and the teachers’ competitiveness on a parallel then what will be achieved is a powerful tool to building up the necessary foundation. They insist that even in high schools this must be already implemented. They claim that this will affect the academic and vocational issues in the future, especially on the race of choosing their future leaders. The government of the United States provides the education of the people from on the federal, state or local levels of provision and control. This makes attending classes really mandatory (till the age of 8) to come up with the most valuable use of time and funds specifically in the primary and secondary level. The school boards are responsible for the monitoring, funding, and setting of policies within their respective districts, which are independent from other local jurisdictions. The catch here is that the education is free for all; it is just an option not to go to public schools and spend big money the private ones. Funding of public education is done by putting on the taxes they are able to get from their districts from the property taxes from each family, side from the funds that the government still subsidizes. Public schools follow the policy set forth by the national government to prevent the inefficient use of the district funds. To maintain the level of academic standards, teachers within them form plans in developing supplementary materials. Education is not mentioned in the constitution of the United States. The government has no control over the schools ran by the district boards. Bush administration initiated the NCLB act or ‘No Child Left Behind Act’ to somehow centralize the educational system. The current Governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger is one of the government official patronizing the budget cut, stating that this would cause no harm to the educational system and classrooms of Californian schools. He cut $4 billion from the educational fund, from the country’s 47th in rank in the per-pupil spending. This has significantly negative impact on the educational working force, because doing this drops 57,000 teachers. Other side effects are eliminating 4 weeks of the school year, or increasing the class size by about 23%, making the population in the classroom bigger (Perata, 2008). Ninety-seven percent of the school districts were not able to meet the demands of NCLB. This move of the governor is much of negative impact on him as a political figure because people will think that this is the most illogical thing to do. They believe that cutting the budget will definitely send the remaining three percent to the same situation ang aggravating the performance of the lower majority. How would this affect the future of the children in California? How would this provision affect the learning of the future adult society of America? Shamefully, the truth is obvious to us that it will ruin the educational freedom. Children will suffer from under-education because they will not get the necessary level of knowledge that must be translated to them through proper attention. A classroom blown up in number will be a dilemma; the topics might be taught very slowly in pacing because barriers in effective communication will be magnified, especially when students have a lot to join conversations with, instead of listening to their teacher. Teacher might also lose their teaching capacities because they cannot shoulder themselves the materials needed to effectively deliver their subject matter. Entering school will just become a responsibility, nobody will enjoy it both sides. The young minds which are in fact the easiest to shape shall be blocked with these incapacitating budget cut-off. The ineffectiveness of learning strategies can accumulate and may make the movement of knowledge stagnant, because from the start, they are no longer learning anything. It is very surprising: what we could only think of is that the governor did not really consider the present situation of the struggling population of children hungry for educational support. Its is very alarming that students need to attend extra classes in learning centers just to cope up, with what should have been actually supplied by the school. What should have been implemented about the NCLB policy is no longer met. Isn’t it already a violation of the government policies, and merely the violation of human rights? How possible is it that he claims of the good performance of the students when the current situation is disgusting? Now, how do we think of the future of California having these students under-educated? These children we look at now might find it misty to follow their dreams, to find their positions in the globally competitive industries. What they might have thought of as the only key to save their families from poverty will actually stop them from getting to what they want to reach out for. Their expected growth in terms of spending power shall be hindered because they will not be able to get into the top companies of really good pay, because of the lack of competitiveness. They might be lost and be left behind in the fast changing world, and in exaggerated sense be trapped and die without having to reach what they thought proper education might lead them to. Reference Conway, D. , Martinez, K. (2008). The California budget and the crisis of public education. News and Analysis Retrieved May 21, 2008 Perata, D. (2008). The California Budget Update [Electronic Version]. California Progress Report. Retrieved May 21, 2008, from http://www. californiaprogressreport. com/2008/02/california_educ_1. html

Two Empires In Japan :: English Literature Essays

Two Empires In Japan Two Empires In Japan by John M.L. Young and The Christian Confrontation with Shinto Nationalism by Kun Sam Lee were the two books I used for this topic. The former, an intimate 100 year chronicle of the persecution by the Asian government with their demands that all people bow in Kyujo-yohai, ( worshipping the Imperial House from afar); and the struggle of the Japanese Christians in times of compromise and triumph under such totalitarian pressure. The latter a more detailed historical account of old Shinto and the earliest Christian missionaries. The following essay will focus on the conflicting ideologies within Japan between the Shinto militarists and the Protestant mission effort from it ¹s germination in 1859 until 1957. Dr. Young cites the entrance of Christianity into Japan at 1542 when a ferocious storm found two Portuguese sailors shipwrecked on the southern island of Tanegashima. The Japanese accepted the Romish syncretism of the gospel, but were more interested in the goods and technology that came with later Roman Catholic missionaries who arrived in 1549. The priests ¹ attempts at proselytization were not very difficult; the spirit in which their efforts were received is aptly demonstrated :  ³The images of Buddha, with slight application of the chisel, served as images for Christ. Each Buddhist saint found his counterpart in Roman Christianity; and the road- side shrines of Kannon, the Goddess of Mercy, were rededi- cated to Mary. Temples, altars, bells, holy water vessels, censers, and rosaries were all ready and could be easily adapted to the needs of the new religion. ( Young, pp. 12 ) Oda Noyabunga welcomed the Roman missionaries, for he needed their advanced weaponry to successfully defeat the Ashikaga Shogunate. Shortly after his victory, Noyabunga was assassinated and all priests were driven out of Japan in 1587 vis a vie a decree from Hideyoshi the Great. Sadly, Japan went more than 400 years without the influence of true religion in the entire land. Until the arrival of two Presbyterian missionaries, Dr. and Mrs. J.C. Hepburn in 1859. As the new missionaries became established they began starting mission schools for the children in which could become trained in the way of the gospel. However, after the Meiji Restoration of 1868 ( which consisted of the demotion of 270 Daimyo and over 2 million samurai giving up thier sword and status ), the indigenous religion of Japan, Shintoism, took a revitalized grip on the masses.

Ethical Perspective on Assisted Suicide Essay

Moral and ethical debates attempted to resolves controversial issues but never seem to end with everyone agreeing. Often these ethical and moral debates are complex and involve opinions persuaded by religion or customs and have legal implications to consider. Physician assisted death is one of these very complex and controversial issues that all people will never agree on. Many questions arise in the debate of physician assisted death such as patients’ rights, physicians controlling the right if someone lives or dies, a patience’s mental state, a family member’s rights, religious beliefs of the parties involved and the law. Philosophers attempt to explain the different theories that people will use to argue their belief systems in terms of logic and reasoning. For example, some people may take the position of a deontologist who would argue that it is our moral duty to support and sustain life therefore assisted suicide should not be allowed. Unfortunately, this very emotional thought provoking debate is not a â€Å"black and white issue,† as most ethical arguments are not. In the situation of physician assisted death I disagree with the deontologist point of view that it is immoral for a physician to assist a patient in suicide. I believe as some relativist due, that as long as the patient is fully capable of making this decision and the patient is in a constant state of agony, then the patient has the right to make the choice to live or die. A relativist believes that morals are only relative to that particular society and if physician assisted death was considered moral in that group then it would be considered a moral act. Neither theory is without flaws as some deontologist even share my point of view and some relativist can be very extreme in what they feel is relative to being morally right or wrong. The bottom line is that people will probably never completely agree on this subject. Ethical Perspective on Physician Assisted Death Physician assisted death is also referred to as PAD. Physician assisted death is the more politically and ethical term versus physician assisted suicide. There is also a difference that should be made known between euthanasia and PAD. In a situation of euthanasia the physician administers the lethal does by injection to the patient ending the patient’s life. In physician assisted death the doctor write a prescription for a pill that the patient oluntarily administers themselves that will end their own life. Physician assisted death is now legal in two states, where Organ passed the law in 1994 and Washington state passed the law in 2008. That means in forty eight states it is against the law to assist the patient either directly or indirectly in ending the patient’s life. If a physician even provides information to the patient that would f acilitate their death the doctor can face criminal charges and lose their medical license. Many people are familiar with the radical doctor Dr. Jack Kevorkian who used the method of euthanasia. Dr. Kevorkian is responsible for euthanatizing over 130 people some of which were either clinically depressed or terminally ill. Dr. Kevorkian created a huge debate across the United States that gave rise to many questions such as to the legality of the constitutional laws and ethical perspectives. Laws that are passed don’t not always represent a societies ethical views and vice versus a, some ethical standards are against the law. If everyone had the perspective of relativists, then the laws would vary from city to city. For example, every other city could be for physician assisted death or against it creating a checkered board effect of laws that very from city to city. This because the relativist believes that morals are only relative to what the society believes. Dr. Kevorkian was tried in a Michigan court on four of assisting suicide and was convicted of one count which has videotaped and released to the popular television show â€Å"60 Ethical Perspective on Physician Assisted Death Minutes. † Another doctor by the name of Derek Humphry’s whose wife died a slow agonizing death by cancer started a foundation in his wife’s memory, called the Hemlock Society to provide information to dying patients on how to take the â€Å"final exit. † (Howard Ball 2012) Medical technology has advanced over the years and has allowed us to live healthier and more active life styles. However, with medical advancement came the ability to prolong life and at times keeping patients alive beyond what I feel God has called them to live. At the point in life when a person is being kept alive by a machine breathing for them and intravenous nutrition being given, one has to ask themselves is this â€Å"has medical treatment gone too far by interfering with a natural part of dying. † It seems medical technology has crossed the line at times because it is no longer a matter of improving the quality of life but prolong a natural death. There is a moral dilemma that is taken place where doctors are making billions of dollars by providing long term health care to patients beyond what nature has called for. During the twenty century medical technology advance to point of creating an epidemic where people could live longer lives but it didn’t always guarantee a quality life. Without being able to take care of oneself or enjoy the life they worked hard to create many people feel they don’t want to live a life of suffering. Many people feel they have lost their dignity and don’t want their friends and family to remember them in a feeble state of being. This brings up the question of what is happiness and considered quality of life. I believe the deontologist perspective takes away a human beings right to choose how a person wants to live. A deontologist will argue that life must be sustained because it is our moral duty but isn’t it our moral duty to end a human beings suffering or to let people die a natural Ethical Perspective on Physician Assisted Death death? In fact some deontologists do believe that morals are obligations based on religious beliefs and they don’t support sustaining life in every situation. For example, if a woman was pregnant and the baby was going to cause the death of the mother then they may believe it is acceptable to terminate the pregnancy to sustain the life of the mother. Yet others could argue â€Å"who is to say what is natural,† and when someone should die. Many people who support legalizing patient assisted suicide believe it is the patient’s right to die with dignity but other would insist that society has a moral obligation to preserve life. The relativist would state if the society believes it is moral to condone patient assisted suicide then for the society it is morally correct. â€Å"The view of ethical relativism regards values as determined by one’s own ethical standards, often those provided by one’s own culture and background. Rather than insisting that there are moral absolutes, moral claims must be interpreted in terms of how they reflect a person’s viewpoint; moral claims are then said to be â€Å"right in a given culture† or â€Å"wrong for a given society. (Mosser, K 2010) Those that argue against physician assisted death will argue it is our duty to protect and preserve all life. People will argue their points of views using logic, reasoning and provide supporting evidence. However, in the case of ethical debates there often is not any evidence to support a claim on either side of the issue. Consequently, as much as people will try to argue their point of view with reasoning an d logic their emotions can get in the way and make it difficult to persuade the other person. Many times the family is involved in the case of physician assisted death and each family member may have different ethical beliefs then the patient. This can make the decision even more painful as we taken into consideration the effects our decisions Ethical Perspective on Physician Assisted Death have on other people. Philosophers attempt to explain how people will argue their point of view by providing different ethical theories as with relativism and deontology. The deontologist believes that it is our moral duty to protect and preserve life and that physician assisted suicide is an immoral act. Rather than looking at the consequences of an act, deontology looks at the reason for which an act is done, and the rule according to which one choose to act. Deontology doesn’t deny that acts have consequences; rather, insists that those consequences should not play a role in our moral evaluation of such acts. †(Mosser K 2010) Under the deontology theory a person would claim that it is wrong for a physician to assist a patient in committing suicide because the result is death and we are to preserve life not assisting in taking their life. Deontology and Ethics 2013) This theory would provide that there is no reason good enough to go against ones moral and civic duty even if it means allowing someone to suffer in pain, which ignores the patients’ rights. The terminally ill patient not only wants to live with having their quality of life and having dignity but they also want to die with dignity. The terminally ill patient has few options such as suicide or living in extreme pain. Some patients are too ill to even get out of bed to be able to commit suicide. Terminally ill patients that are suffering should not be made to feel demoralized for wanting to end their suffering. If the patient has paid into a life insurance fund all their life the company mostly likely will not pay their loved ones death benefits if they commit such an act. The problem is patient assisted death is not recognized as a medically necessary procedure. There is also a great stigma that comes along with committing suicide that the families have to live with after their loved one has died. I belief in the individual autonomy Ethical Perspective on Physician Assisted Death Many family members feel disgraced that their loved one acted against their religious beliefs. (Lois Snyder, JD, and Daniel P. Sulmasy 2001) Family members can find themselves in court fighting again other members of their family to keep their loved ones alive. Going to court can be an emotionally painful process and doing so puts the patient through more emotional agony. Many families will break apartment because their ethical views differ so greatly. Roman Catholic Church has been the one biggest contesters of physician assisted death. Ethical arguments are based on beliefs systems that are learned through culture and religion therefore are only relative to that person or society. The One of the issues with relativism is that is a person’s beliefs can be too extreme and farfetched. Under the law of relativism any belief system relevant to that person would be considered ethical even murdering someone. Many doctors and nurses struggle with their feeling on patient assisted death because their morals and ethical views tell them it is wrong to assist a patient in death but they have great sympathy seeing their patients in pain and they want to help. Also, doctors take the Hippocratic Oath which states that doctors will never harm their patients but I argue the facts that prolonging death is harming the patient and takes away their constitutional right to choose death. Many religions believe as deontologist do in that is against their religion to assist someone in procuring their own death but that is exactly it the issue that it their belief system and not everyone’s. The constitutional represents the Liberty Due process clause that says it is a fundamental right for terminally ill patients to die with dignity by the assistance of a medical professional. Lawyers have argued the fourteenth amendment which allows a doctor to remove life support as the last dying will and testament of the patient yet a physician cannot medically assist a patient in ending the life of a terminally ill person who is verbally requesting it. (Howard Ball 2012) Ethical Perspective on Physician Assisted Death Moral and ethical debates spark heated debates and cause controversial issues and never seem to end with everyone agreeing. These ethical and moral debates are complex and involve opinions persuaded by religion or customs nd have legal implications that must be consider. Physician assisted death a very complex and controversial issues that all people will never agree on. There are a lot questions that arise in the debate over physician assisted death such as patients’ rights, physicians controlling the right if someone lives or dies, a patience’s mental state, a family member’s rights, religious beliefs of the parties involved and th e law. It seems that both theories have their flaws. The relativist can be too extreme in their view points because anything can be considered moral if the society feels it is relative. While the deontologist view point is too constrictive and only takes into consideration that a person’s morals are their obligation and a duty to others. The deontologist would ignore the right of the patients even if they were suffering to conform to their obligations and moral duties. I am partial to believing that the patient has a right to choose if they want to live or die under certain circumstances. I believe that morals and ethics are not built on one theory alone but on many parts of theories that consist of logic and reasoning. People will continue to understand the different ethical theories that explain why certain societies believe the way they do. Some people may take the position of a deontologist who would argue that it is our moral duty to support and sustain life therefore assisted suicide should not be allowed. Unfortunately, this very emotional debate has many dynamics, as most ethical arguments do. In the situation of physician assisted death I disagree with the deontologist point of view and feel it is immoral to take away a patients right to end their own suffering. I believe to a certain extent as some relativist believe, that as long as the patient is fully capable of making Ethical Perspective on Physician Assisted Death this decision and the patient is in a constant state of agony, then the patient has the right to make the choice to live or die. The relativist believes that morals are only relative to that particular society and if physician assisted death was considered moral in that group then it would be considered a moral act. Each theory has flaws. Some deontologist share my point of view and some relativist can be very extreme in what they feel is relative to being morally right or wrong. The bottom line is people will probably never completely agree on this subject. As our society evolves and continues to become more liberal in their ethical views on controversial topics such as gay marriage, abortion and personal liberties more states will continue to pass laws support physician assisted death.